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W. H DE- FONTAINE, JR. KEROSENE CARBURETER.

v APPLICATION FILED-MAY 2a. 1914. RENEWED FEB. 16.1916. 1,176,816.

Patented Mar. 28, 1916.-

' UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

WADE HAMPTON n1: FONTAINE, .13., 0F PERTH .AIBOY, NEW JERSEY.

KEBOSENE-CARBUBETEBe Specification of letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

Application filed Kay 28, 1914, Serial K0. 841,582. Renewed February 16, 1918. Serial Io. 78,779.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \Vsnn Eamon on Forums, Jr., a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Perth Amboy, 1n the county of Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements'fifierosenetjarbureters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to carburetors designed to form a combustible mixture from airandaliquidfueltobeusedinanmternal combustion engine, and particularly to carbureters designed for use with the power systems of automobilm and similar self-propelled vehicles.

The objects of my invention are to revide improved re ting and controlling mechanism for maintaining a constant or an approximately constant proportion of the constituents of the combustible to provide improved means for heating and vaporizing the air and liquid fuel used'to form the combustible mixture and for heating the combustible mixture after it has been formed; and toprovide an improved carbureter designed to use kerosene as a liquid fuel and one which will be simple m construction. easy to manufacture, and effective for the purpose for which it is deso Signed- With the above and other objects in view, my invention consists in the improved carbureter illustrated in the accompanying drawing, desaribed in the following specification, and claimed in the clauses of the concluding claim, and in such variations and modifications thereof as will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which my inven tion relates. an h In the accom w erein the preferred em bod imnt of ii i y -invention is illustrated, and wherein the same reference numerals are employed to designate like parts in the several figures; Figure 1 is a view of my improved carbureter mainly in section upon a vertical central plane; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view taken upon a horizontal plane indicated by the line 2-2, Fig. 1,1ooking down; Fig. 3 a view showing my improved carburcter in plan; Fig. 4: is a view showing a fuel controlling valve employed in my carbureter, in perspective, an

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view taken lupon a vertical transverse plane indicated by {he line 5, 5, Fig. 1, looking toward the r1 eferring to the drawing, the reference numeral 5 designates the exterior wall of the body portion or casing of my improved carbureter, and 6 designates the inner wall thereof, the lower portion of which inner wall is made conical in form as shown at 7 and the upper rtion of which is so shapedas to provi e a carbureting chamber 6 within which air and a heated or vaporlzed liquid fuel are mixed to provide a combustible mixture. Two intersecting condmts are shown at 9 the walls of which merge with the inner wall 6 and which conduits extend transverse to the carbureti'ng chamber and are in the path of the combustible mixture as it flows toward the engine with which the carbureter is used.

The outer and inner walls 5 and 6 are spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber 10 with which suitable pipes are connected at 11, and through which pipes and heating chamber a portion of the exhaust gases from the en c with which the carbureter is used may made to flow to thereby heat the carbureter as will be understood. The ends of the transverse conduits 9 communicate with the heating chamber herein referred to. as shown, and a part of the heating medium flows through said conduits, from which it follows that the mixture within the carbureting chamber is heated both from without the same and by contact with said conduits.

The reference numeral 12 designates a hollow shell conical in form throughout the greater portion of its length, which shell fits within the lower conical portion of the inner wall and is provided with a flange 13 at its lower end whereby it may be secured in place as by means of a screw or screws 14. The upper portion of this shell is spaced slightly from the conical portion 7 of the inner wall 6, as shown in Fig. 1, to thereby provide an intervening fuel chamber which is annular in cross section because of the annular cross-sections of the wall 7 and shell 12, and within which fuel chamber the liquid fuel is extended and forms a thin film between the shell and wall, so that the fuel within said chamber may be effectively heated, the lower end of the space between said parts being in communication with an annular groove 15 which in turn communicates with a fuel supply passage 16 provided in the carburetor casing and through which fuel is supplied to the fuel chamber.

The upper end of the shell 12 forms a valve seat for the air inlet valve 17 of the carburetor, and the air flows to said valve and past the same and into the carburetmg chamber through the interior of the shell 12 as will be understood, the reference numeral 18 designating the air supply pausage. The valve in question is provided with a depending stem 19 which extends through an opening provided in the top wall of a hollow housing 20, which housing rovides a guide for the lower end of the va ve stem and contains a spring for holding the valve upon its seat, as will hereinafter a pear. Said housing is supported from the ower end of the shell by means of arms 21, apd the stem of the valve is threaded and carnes an internally threaded adjustable sleeve 22 against which the lower end of a rlng 23 abuts, while the upper end of sa1 spring abuts against the top wall of said housing; so that the air valve will held to its seat by this spring '23, and will move agamst the force thereof as it rises from its seat. The exterior of the sleeve 22 is also threaded, and 24: designates an annular ad ustable collar the periphery of whlch 1s m slid ng enga cut with the inner surface or side wall of the housing 20, whereby a dash-pot is formed by the collar and hollow housin and within which a body of air 1s trap which air is compressed as the air valve moves upward and acts either independently or in conjunction with the spring 23 to return the said valve to its seat, as will be understood. The collar herein referred to is in threaded engagement with the sleeve 2: as shown, from which it follows that the positions of both the sleeve and collar relatire to the valve stem may be varied.

lock nut 25 is preferably provided for securing the sleeve in whatever posit1on it may be placed. The collar 24 in additlon to serving as the movable member of a dashpot as above explained serves as a support for the lower end of a sprmg 26 which is normally out of action, but the upper end of which comes into engagement with the upper wall of the housing 20 ppon excessi've upward movement of the air valve due to the momentum of the valve, or an excessive flow of air past the same, or to other causes, the spring in question thus acting as a bufier under the conditions referred to.

The up r end of the shell 12 is made cylindrical as shown at 27, and the portion of the inner wall 6 which lies opposite the upper end of the shell andv between the upper end of the conical portion 7 thereof and the carbureting chamber is alsocylindrical, as shown at 28, and is slightly larger than the cylindrical portion 27, from which it follows that a narrow annular opening is provided between the cylindrical portions herein referred to and that the heated or vaporized liquid fuel passes from the fuel chamber into the carbureting chamber of the carburetor through a narrow annular passage and in a thin annular stream. The annular opening herein referred to is permanently open, as the air inlet valve 17 seats upon the upper end only of the shell 12, and is not large enough in diameter to close said annular opening.

It will be appreciated that the area of the annular opemng through which the heated or vaporized liquid fuel enters the carbureting chamber is dependent upon the diameters of the cylindrical portions 27, 28 above referred to, and that such area will remain unchanged so long as these portions overla one another. It therefore follows that i the shell as a whole is made to occupy a higher or lower position within the carburetor casing than that in which it is llustrated, while the thickness of the film of fuel in the fuel chamber between the said shell and the conical wall 7 will be varied, the area of the annular opening through which the fuel flows into the carbureting chamber remain constant so long as the cylindrical portions overlap as above pointed out. It follows further that so long as the diameters of the cylindrical portions :22, 28 of the shell and carburetor casmg are carefully determined the other dimensions of the parts may vary throughout wider limits, as the diameters in question determine the area of the fuel su ply passage which is the feature which s ould re mam fixed m a given carbureter. The machine work upon a carburetor havin the feature herein referred to need not t enefore be so accurate as would be necessarv m a carbureter in which variations in the position of the shell when the parts are assembled ;are accompanied by correspondmg variations in the area of the pasage through which the fuel issues into the carburetmg chamber. Finally, the provision of a gasket between the flange 13 and the bottom wall of the carburetor when the parts are initially assembled, should a gasket be considered necessary or desirable. or the provision of a gasket upon reasem bhng the parts after e shell has been removed should it be found 11 to remove the shell, will not change the area of the fuel supply passage so lon as the cvlindrlcal portions of the sleeve and innerwall overlap one another; and, as will be appreciated, variations in the thickness of such a gasket, if one 15 used, will have no effectupon the area. of the fuel supply passage so overlap.

- ing thereinto, so that The reference numeral 29 designates a. liquid fuel supply chamber to which fuel is supplied through a fuel supply Plpe 30 and within which chamber a constant level is maintained as by means of a suitable float controlled valve not herein spec1fically illustrated and described. This chamber is commonly provided with two compartments as shown in Fig. 2, one of the compartments being designed to receive kerosene and the other gasolene and each compartment having an independent fuel supply pipe leade engine may started by the use of gasolene and operated by kerosene after it and the carbureter have become heated.

A valve chamber 31 is provided upon the under side of the chamber 29, and 32 designatcs an oscillating valve located in said chamber and having an arm 33 secured to an extending stem 34 of the valve and by means of which arm the valve may be operated and placed in positions such that fuel may flow to the earbureter from either of the compartments of the chamber 29 when the valve is in its extreme positioiis, and from both said compartments when the valve is in intermediate positions; so that either kind of fuel may be used and, at the same time, the supply of fuel will not be interrupted in changing from one kind of fuel to the other. In order to accomplish this result said valve is provided with a longitudinally extending passage 35, and with two radial passages 36, 37 having recesses 67, 68 at their outer ends; which pasages communicate with oil"- set passages 38, 39 leading from the two compartments of the fuel chamber according to the position in which the valve is placed. The valve is provided with a third radial pasage which communicates with the pasage 35 and with a slot 40 formed in the periphery thereof and which slot is in permanent communication with the fuel supply pasage 16 hereinbefore referred to, fiom which it follows that fuel will always be supplied to the carbureter from one or the other of the compartments of the fuel chamber. The valve herein referred to is preferably conical as shown, and is forced against its seat by a spring 41 surrounding the stem 34 and acting between a collar 42 carried by the valve stem and a washer 43 which bears against the carbureter casing when the parts are assembled, as will be understood.

The flow of liquid fuel through the supply passage 16 is controlled by a suitable controlling valve, preferably in the form of a vertically movable reciprocating regulating valve -14 located within a passage provided in an enlarged portion 45 of the casing of the fuel chamber, and the upper end of which valve is in threaded engagement with a cross-head 46 having parallel sides and shown as square in cross-section, and having projecting pins at its sides as shown at 47 from which it follows that upon rotating the valve as by means of a milled head 48 it may be adjusted relative to the cross-head charge passage or nozzle directly into the carbureting chamber; and that there will always be a considerable quantity of fuel .in' the fuel chamber in open communication with the carbureting chamber through the annular fuel supply passage leading from the fuel chamber and ready to respond to any sudden demand for combustible mixture due, for example, to a sudden opening of the mixture controlling or throttle valve hereinafter referred to.

The cross-head 46 lies between two lift ing cams 50 secured upon an oscillating shaft 51 supported in brackets 52 shown as supported upon the cover of the fuel chamber 29, the worh'ng faces of said cams being in e gagement with the pins 47 carried by the cross-head, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. It follows because of this location of the crdss-head between the cams 50 that the cams prevent the cross-head from rotating with the fuel valve when the latter is 1'0- tated to adjust it relative to the ores-head to thereby regulate the amount of fuel in the mixture, or the richness of the mixture, as hereinbefore pointed out.

The oscillating shaft 51 carries an arm 53 at its free end, and 5t designates a link connecting the free end of this am with an arm 55 upon the free end of a second oscillating shaft 56 which last mentioned shaft carries a throttle valve 57 located in the combustible mixture passage I 58 leading from the carbureter to the engine. The oscillating shaft 56 is operated through an arm 59 secured thereto and which arm in turn is connected in any way with a suitable lever or other device so located as to be conveniently accessible to the operator of the automobile with which the carbureter is designed for use; from which it follows that movement imparted to the valve shaft 56 will be transmitted to the cam shaft 51, and that the throttle valve 57 and fuel valve 44 will be operated simultaneously, the arrangement of the parts being such that the supply of fuel is reduced as the flow of combustible mixture to the engine is throttled, and vice versa.

The improved carbureter hereinbefore demixture, in either case with a minimum of trouble and without disturbing the mixture supply conduit, the carbureter, or its connec tions. to any considerable extent. This water supplying device comprises a water chamber to which water is supplied through a pipe 61 and within which chamber a constant,

level of water is maintained'by a float controlled valve, as will be understood. Connected with this water chamber so that the two will form a single unitary device or structure is a member, shown as being in the form of a flange 62, designed to be connected and included in the line of piping: leading to the engine, and which mem in fact forms a part, although preferably but a small part, of the mixture supply conduit. This member is provided with an opening 63 adapted to register with the passage 58 and the piping 65, and the water chamber and connecting member are provided with a pasage 64 disch into the opening 63 and having a regulatln valve 66, to thus supply water to the com ustible mixture as it flows to the engine, as will be understood.

It will be seen that in initially installing a carbureter the water supplyiu device may or may not be provided, as esired; and that if it is subsequently decided to install or to remove the water supplying device the conduit section 65 may be disconnected from the carbureter casing as by removing the screws or other fastening means whereby it is held in place, the water supplying device put in place or removed, and the parts again secured together, all by loosing one only of the joints in the mixture supply conduit and without disturbing the carbureter or its connections to any material extent. While the water supplying device is illustrated and the above description refers to the same as being interposed between the carhureter casing and the beginning of the conduit leading to the engine, it will be understood that the same may be readily introdueed into the mixturesupply conduit at any place where two sections thereofi are detachably secured together, and, if intro duced at such a point may be as readily removed in the same manner as above explained.

Having thus described and explained my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines,aca.singhavingouterandinnerwalls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being conical in form, the upper portion thereof being shaped to provi e a carburetin chamber, and an intermediate portion 0 said wall being cylindrical; a hollow conical shell located within the conical portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is cylindrical and lies within and is spaced apart from the cylindrical portion of said inner wall and is provided with a valve seat; and an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat, said casing bein provided with a passage throu h which a liquid fuel may be supplied to sai fuel chamber.

2. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, a casing having outer and inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being conical in form, the upper portion thereof being shaped to provide a carburetiug chamber, and an intermediate portion of said wall being cylindrical; a hollow conical shell located within the conical portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is cylindrical and hes within and is spaced apart from the cylindrical portion of said inner wall and is provided with a valve seat; a hollow housin supported from the lower end of said she an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat and having a depending stem extending through the house aforesaid; and a spring located within said housing and acting upon said valve to hold it upon its seat, said casing being provided with a passage throu h which a liquid fuel may be supplied to sai fuel chamber.

3. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines,a casing having outer and inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being circular in cross-section and the upper portion thereof being shaped to provide a carbureting chamber; a hollow shell circular in cross-section located within the lower portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; a hollow housing supported within the lower portion of siaidaihell; an ail;1 inflict valve restingnponsai v vemt an avin ga depending stem extending through the top wall of said housing; an abutment carried by said valve stem and which abutment moves in contact with the side wall of said housing; and a spring located within said housing and acting between the top wall thereof and said abutment to hold said valve upon its seat, said casing bein provided with a passage through which iquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber.

4. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a casing having outer and inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being conical in form and the upper portion thereof being shaped to provide a carbureting chamber; a hollow conical shell located within the conical portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; a hollow housing sup rted from the lower portion of said she an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat and having a depending stem extending through the top wall of said housing; an abutment carried by said valve stem; and a spring located within said housing and acting between the top wall thereof and said abutment to hold said valve upon its seat, said casing being provided with a passage through which a liquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber.

5. In a carbureterhfor internal cdombustion engines, a casmg' aving outer an inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being conical in form and the upper portion thereof being shaped to provide a carbureting chamber; a hollow conical shell located within the conical portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; an air inlet valve mting upon said valve seat and having a dependstem; a guide supported from the lower end of said shell and having an opening through which said stem extends; and a spring for holding said valve upon its at,

sand casing bemg provided with a passage through which a liquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber.

6. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a casmg having outer and inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner well being conical in form and the upper portion thereof being shaped to provide a chamber; a hollow conical shell located within the conical portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; a hollow housing supported within the lower portion of said shell; an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat and having a depending stem extending through the top wall of said housing; a sleeve in threaded engagementwith said valve stema spring surrounding said valve stem and the ends of which abut against. said sleeve and the top wall of said housing; a collar in threaded engagement with said sleeve and wh ch collar moves in contact with the side wall of said housing; and a second spring surrounding said first mentioned spring and the lower end of which rests upon said collar, said casing being provided with apassage through which a liquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber.

7. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, a casing having outer and inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being circular in cross-section and the upper portion thereof being shaped to provide a carbureting chamber; a hollow shell circular in crom-section located within the lower portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; a conduit located within and extending across the carbureting chamber aforesai and the ends of which communicate with said heating chamber; and an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat, said casing being provided with a pasage through which a liquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber.

8. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a casin having a carbureting chamber, air and fue supply passages leading to said chamber, and a mixture ge leading. therefrom; a reciprocating fuel valve for controlling the flow of fuel through said fuel pasage; an oscillating cam shaft; a cam carried by said shaft; means intermediate said cam and fuel valve and through which said valve is operated by said cam; an arm carried by said cam shaft; an oscillating mixture valve for controllin the flow of combustible mixture throng said mixture pasage; means for operating said valve; an arm connected with sai valve so as to move therewith; and a link connecting said arm with the arm aforesaid upon said cam shaft.

9. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a casing having a carbureting chamber, air and fuel supply passages leading to said chamber, and a mixture pamage leading therefrom; a reciprocating fuel valve for controlling the flow of fuel through said fuel passage; an oscillating cam shaft; two cams carried by said shaft and spaced apart from one another: a crosshead located between said cams and having parallel sides so that the cams prevent the cross-head from rotating, and with which crosshead said fuel valve is in threaded engagement; two pins carried by said crosshead and with which said cams engage; an arm carried by said cam shaft; a mixture valve for controlling the flow of combustible mixture through said mixture passage; an oscillating valve shaft for supporting said valve; an arm carried by said valve shaft; a link connecting the arm upon said valve shaft with the arm upon said cam shaft; and means for operating said valve shaft.

10. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a casing having outer and mner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being 611331181 bcgos-seshcgigid and the u per rtion ereo ing to provide a irbureting chamber; a hollow shell circular in crossection located within the lower portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; a hollow housing supported within the lower portion of said shell; an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat and having a depen st extending through the top wall of sai housing; an abutment carried by said valve stem and which abutment moves in contact with the side wall of said housing; and a conduit through which liquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber.

11. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a casing having outer and inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of mid inner wall being conical in form and the upper portion thereof being shaped to provide a carbureting chamber; a hollow conical shell located within the conical portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; a hollow housing supported from the lower portion of said shell; an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat and having a depending stem extending through the top wall of said housing; an abutment carried by said valve stem and the periphery of which moves in contact with the inner surface of said housing; and a conduit through which liquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber.

12. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, a casing having outer and inner walls spaced apart from one another to thereby provide an intervening heating chamber, the lower portion of said inner wall being circular in cross-section and the upper portion thereof being shaped to provlde a carbureting chamber; a hollow shell circular in cross section located within the lower portion of said inner wall and spaced apart therefrom to thereby provide an annular fuel chamber, and the upper end of which shell is provided with a valve seat; an air inlet valve resting upon said valve seat; a. fuel supply conduit through which a liquid fuel may be supplied to said fuel chamber; a valve for controlling the flow of fuel through said conduit; a combustible mixture conduit leading from said carbureting chamber; a mixture controlling valve for controlling the flow of combustible mixture through said mixture conduit; and means intermediate said mixture and fuel valves and through which movement is transmitted from one to the other.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WAD] mmou M 1011mm, IL

Witnesses:

H. L. CADIUS, R. N. Fm'r.

Capia dth:l: patent! be Mindful-meats eachbyauresstngthccmmctnlhtcnb- Valium 

